The structural stability and structure’s height reduction due to foundation settlement are essential considerations in breakwater design. Two-dimensional finite element analysis was performed to simulate the deformation and the displacement of geotube breakwater subjected to hydrodynamic loads, taking into account of deformable foundation condition. The field measurements were carried out on quarter-yearly basis to assess the behavior of geotube under hydrodynamic forces. Hence, this study evaluates the behavior of geotube breakwaters installed on a deformable muddy foundation based on field measurements and numerical analysis. However, design approach for geotube which functions as breakwater on deformable muddy foundation and subjected to hydrodynamic loads has not been well reported. Previous researchers have presented analytical, empirical and numerical approaches for geotube design. With this intervention, the existing shoreline of the island would at least be maintained, possibly preventing any further loss of land.The use of geotubes is now common in coastline protection due to notable advantages such as erosion prevention, competitive cost and speedy installation procedures. Based on the prevailing conditions, suitable site-specific coastal protection structures (e.g., groynes, revetment, breakwater, submerged geo-tubes structures and submerged breakwater) were assessed to determine the most feasible and suitable shore protection measure and observed the following: (a) Revetment and submerged geo-tube structure to be the most effective protection measures on the eastern part of the Kavaratti Island, (b) significant decrease in current speed from 0.48 to 0.05 m/s, and (c) significant decrease in wave height (from 2.5 to 0.3 m) and wave energy reduction about 50% from the prevailing conditions were observed. Subsequently, model simulations were conducted for the most appropriate use of structural protection measure to understand the change in hydrodynamics and sediment transport, which would ultimately result in stabilization of the Kavaratti Island coast. For this purpose, shoreline change around the island was obtained from field surveys and results of the DSAS model. Numerical models were used to identify suitable foreshore protection structures, considering the near-shore coastal processes. Key-words: Sedimentation Coastal Coral reef DEM Samalas Lombok.Ībstract: Erosion along Kavaratti Island has intensified in recent times due to infrastructure development and natural phenomenon. Finally, the absence of coral reefs in some areas in the eastern part of Lombok can be caused by sedimentation and pollution from the river as well as the extraction of remnant coral reefs. In addition, coast typology in the eastern part of Lombok divided into river deposition coast and wave erosion coast. Our results show that coral reefs on the eastern part of Lombok are mostly fringing reefs and developed on shallow continental shelves in depth between 0-20 m and located close to the main island. The multidisciplinary approach, including geomorphological survey, remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS), as well as geostatistical analysis, has been used to gain a deep understanding of the spatial distribution and geomorphic features of coral reefs in the eastern part of Lombok. Therefore, the spatial distributions of coral reefs in this area should be investigated to distinguish and determine the factors that regulate its patterns. However, the spatial information of coral reefs in this area is rarely known. ![]() These deposits can affect the state of the aquatic environment, so they, directly and indirectly, affect the coral reef conditions. Due to hydrological processes since the 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano, almost half of the materials were transported and deposited to the coastal area. In addition to the anthropogenic origin, sedimentation in this area also occurs due to natural origins, such as volcanic processes. ![]() ![]() Abstract: The eastern part of Lombok Island is a highly dynamic environment with many physical processes as well as very complex landuse.
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